| Greenpeace wants Facebook center off coal fuel By ARTHUR MAX 2010-09-01T20:43:10ZAMSTERDAM (AP) -- Greenpeace said about 500,000 Facebook users have urged the world's largest online social network to abandon plans to buy electricity from a coal-based energy company for its new data center in the U.S.... hosted.ap.org |
Low-dose Prozac may relieve misery of PMS A study in mice suggests that taking just a tenth of the dose of Prozac most commonly prescribed for depression could reduce the symptoms of PMSLow doses of the anti-anxiety drug Prozac may alleviate the misery of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), scientists have found.Researchers at the University of Birmingham found that Prozac, known generically as fluoxetine, raises levels of a sex hormone that can drop sharply in women at the end of their menstrual cycle. This sudden drop is thought to cause the symptoms of PMS.Millions of women around the world suffer the effects of PMS every month in the week before the start of their menstrual period. Symptoms can range from anxiety and irritability to headaches or joint and breast pain.Not all women show symptoms, but around 75% are thought to experience PMS and, in up to 40% of cases, it can interfere with daily activities. Around 3% of women can experience a severe form of PMS, a psychiatric condition known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder.Thelma Lovick, a neuroscientist at the University of Birmingham, thinks she has evidence that a 2mg daily dose of fluoxetine in the final week before menstruation could alleviate PMS. She presented her work at the British Science Festival in Birmingham today and her three-year study on rats, which were induced to have PMS-like symptoms, was funded by the Medical Research Council. Lovick now plans to submit her research to a scientific journal for peer review."We've got available to us a drug that is already in production, it's already gone through its safety tests, something we could use at very low dose to perhaps ameliorate the development of pre-menstrual syndrome in women," said Lovick.Normally progesterone levels fall during the pre-menstrual period and this is when symptoms appear. "Progesterone is a hormone that circulates in the bloodstream and gets into the brain," said Lovick. "It breaks down into ALLO and it's this change in the ALLO concentration in the brain that causes excitability in the nerve circuits in parts of the brain that are involved in emotional behaviour."Lovick thinks it is the sharp fall in the brain's ALLO levels that triggers PMS symptoms. "ALLO can alter the activity of nerve cells, thus it is described as a neuroactive steroid. It enhances the activity of GABA, one of the brain's inhibitory neurotransmitter chemicals, and in those parts of the brain that process emotional responses, ALLO normally produces calming effects."When the levels of progesterone, and hence ALLO, in the brain drop during the final stages of the premenstrual period, that natural inhibition is turned off. "As a consequence these brain circuits become more excitable, leaving the individual more responsive to stress, which is often manifested behaviourally as anxiety and aggressive behaviour."If ALLO levels could be allowed to fall gradually at the end of the monthly cycle, thought Lovick, PMS might not develop. She confirmed this idea by monitoring the hormone in rats' brains as they were administered fluoxetine."Millions of women take Prozac but the dose they take it in is relatively high. One of the effects of fluoxetine is that it acts on serotonin systems in the brain, that's why it's used as an antidepressant. One of the things it does in addition is increase ALLO concentrations in the brain and it does this at very low doses."Tim Kendall of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, warned against self-medicating with fluoxetine. "Prozac is associated with a number of different side-effects. The most common is sexual dysfunction, it can lower libido and induce impotence. It can stop you sleeping and make you anxious and wound-up and affect appetite. And particularly in young people, under the age of 30, it can trigger suicidal thoughts and self-harm. I don't know if these side-effects would occur at low doses but it would strike me as unwise to start tipping drugs out of capsules."Fluoxetine in sometimes prescribed as a treatment for PMS by some doctors in the US, but it is given at doses normally used in antidepressant therapy. Lovick said the standard antidepressant dose – 10-20mg per day – is inappropriate for PMS.Her research team found that the dose required to produce a response was only a tenth of that found in the most commonly prescribed form of fluoxetine. "And you'd only be taking it for about a week so the side-effect issue should be non-existent," said Lovick.The team now want to take their findings out of the lab and into clinical trials.Kendall agrees that the use of low-dose fluoxetine in PMS needs more study. "PMS makes a lot of women quite miserable and if there is something we can do for them, that would be very good. But it is premature to say this is the thing."ReproductionMedical researchBiologyBritish Science Festival 2010British Science FestivalHealthHealth & wellbeingAlok Jhaguardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2010 | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds guardian.co.uk |
Today's Mystery Bird for you to identify If you can identify this mystery bird, then I have a question for you: what is it doing in southern California?Mystery Bird photographed in San Dimas, Los Angeles county, southern California, USA. [I will identify this bird for you in 48 hours]Image: Steve Duncan, 10 April 2009. [how about looking at this bird with binoculars?]If you can identify this mystery bird, then I have a question for you: what is it doing in southern California?Daily Mystery Bird Rules: 1. Please name at least one field mark that supports your identification, keeping in mind that more than one field mark is often necessary to distinguish between species. IDs without any supporting information are not valid and may be deleted by the moderators. 2. Expert and intermediate level birders: do NOT try to be the first to blurt out the mystery bird's ID. Instead, please provide helpful hints, such as descriptions, literary references, puns, personal anecdotes, and other forms of discussion and assistance for beginning birders and for those following on their iPhones without naming the species. Expert and intermediate birders are free to name the bird species 24 or more hours after it was first published.3. Each mystery bird is usually accompanied by a question or two. These questions can be useful for identifying the pictured species, but may instead be used to illustrate an interesting aspect of avian biology, behaviour or evolution, or may be intended to generate conversation on other topics, such as conservation. 4. Each bird species will be demystified 48 hours after publication. If you have bird images, video or mp3 files that you'd like to share with a large and appreciate audience, feel free to email them to me for consideration.GrrlScientistguardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2010 | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds guardian.co.uk |
Guerilla warfare The Chinese conservationists facing an uphill struggle bbc.co.uk |
When a Cancer Therapy Puts Others at Risk Patients treated with radioactive iodine can be dangerous to people around them. But what if they cannot go home? feeds.nytimes.com |